Database Management Basics

Database management is the system for managing information that supports an organization’s business operations. It involves storing data, disseminating it to users and applications and editing it when needed and monitoring changes to the data and protecting against data corruption due to unexpected failure. It is an element of a company’s overall informational infrastructure that supports decision-making, corporate growth and compliance with laws such as the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.

The first database systems were developed in the 1960s by Charles Bachman, IBM and others. They developed into information management systems (IMS), which allowed large amounts data to be stored and retrieved for a variety of reasons. From calculating inventory to supporting complicated financial accounting functions, and human resource functions.

A database is a set of tables which organize data in accordance with a certain scheme, like one-to many relationships. It uses primary keys to identify records, and allow cross-references between tables. Each table has a set of attributes, or fields, which provide information about data entities. Relational models, invented by E. F. “TedCodd Codd in the 1970s at IBM as a database, are the most well-known database type today. The design is based on normalizing the data, making it easier to use. It also makes it simpler to update data, avoiding the necessity of changing different sections of the database.

Most DBMSs can support multiple types of databases by providing different internal and external levels of organization. The internal level deals with cost, scalability and other operational concerns like the layout of the physical storage. The external level is the representation of the database in user interfaces and applications. It can include a mixture of external views based on different data models. It also can include virtual tables that are computed using generic data to improve the performance.

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